Internal Male Anatomy
The male internal reproductive system includes the following main structures:
- Testicles (Testes)
- Duct System
- Prostate Gland
- Seminal Vesicles
- Cowper’s Glands
Testicles (Testes)
The testicles are the male reproductive glands where sperm cells and male hormones are produced.
Millions of sperm are created daily inside small coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules.
Between these tubules are Leydig cells, which produce male hormones known as androgens, including:
- Testosterone
- Inhibin
The testicles are suspended by the spermatic cord, which contains blood vessels, nerves, the vas deferens, and muscles.
This system helps raise or lower the testicles in response to temperature changes and sexual arousal.
Duct System
Sperm travel through a four-part duct system inside the male reproductive tract.
1. Epididymis
The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the top and back of each testicle where sperm mature and are stored.
2. Vas Deferens
The vas deferens is a muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis.
Its enlarged end, called the ampulla, may temporarily store sperm before ejaculation.
3. Ejaculatory Ducts
These are paired tubes about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long that pass through the prostate gland.
Prostate Gland
The prostate gland is a chestnut-shaped organ located below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
It surrounds the upper part of the urethra and helps produce seminal fluid.
Functions of the prostate include:
- Producing fluids that support sperm movement
- Keeping the urethra moist
- Helping semen pass during ejaculation
The prostate may also provide sexual stimulation and can contribute to orgasm in some individuals.
Seminal Vesicles
The seminal vesicles produce fluids that mix with sperm to create semen.
These glands produce:
- Fructose, which provides energy for sperm
- Prostaglandins, which may assist reproductive processes
- Alkaline substances that help reduce vaginal acidity
Cowper’s Glands
Cowper’s glands, also called bulbourethral glands, are two small pea-sized glands located beneath the prostate.
These glands produce a clear lubricating fluid that:
- Lubricates the urethra
- Neutralizes acidity
- Helps prepare the urethra for ejaculation
